Federation

Our Constitution has provided for a federal form of government. This means that the responsibility of governing our country has been divided into two, the Central Government and the State Governments. The President is the titular head of our country. The Prime Minister heads the government at the center while the Parliament makes the laws. The Governor is the nominal head at the State level and the Chief Minister heads the government while the Vidhan Sabha makes the laws at the State level.

Our country has been divided into twenty-eight States, seven Union Territories including the National Capital Territory of Delhi for the purpose of administration. The powers and functions of Central and State Governments have been clearly defined. Our Constitution gives the division of power in the form of three lists- Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.

Union List includes those subjects on which the Union or Central Government makes the laws. Subjects included are of national importance like defense, foreign affairs, finance, communication, and transport, etc. there are in all 99 subjects.
State List consists of those subjects on which the Subjects that directly affect the people of a particular State like public health, law, and order, agriculture, etc. there are 61 subjects in it.

Concurrent List contains those subjects on which both the Central and the State Governments can make the laws. There are 52 subjects including education, electricity, population control, trade unions, etc.

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